![]() After delivery via the bloodstream to the body's tissues, a small portion of the T4 released from the gland is converted to triiodothyronine (T3), which is the most active hormone. Thyroxine, also known as T4, is the primary hormone produced by the gland. The thyroid uses iodine to produce vital hormones. A thin area of tissue in the gland's middle, known as the isthmus, joins the two thyroid lobes on each side. The thyroid gland is located below Adam's apple and wrapped around the trachea (windpipe), and it has a butterfly shape. A hormone made by the pituitary gland called thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) acts to stimulate hormone production by the thyroid gland. The gland also makes calcitonin, a hormone involved in calcium metabolism. ![]() Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are the two most important hormones made by the thyroid. Thyroid hormones are also necessary for children to grow and develop. The thyroid produces essential hormones required by the body that help regulate metabolism, heart rate, blood pressure, and temperature. It has two lobes attached by a middle part called the isthmus and is located in front of the trachea. The thyroid gland is a metabolism hormone-producing gland in the lower part of the neck, below Adam's apple. The thyroid gland is located below Adam's apple and wrapped around the trachea (windpipe) and it has a butterfly shape. Shortness of breath, due to compression of the airways.Examples of these symptoms and signs include: When thyroid nodules cause symptoms unrelated to the production of hormones, typically it is due to their size or location in the neck. Sometimes, nodules actively produce hormones and can cause the symptoms of hyperthyroidism described previously. Most thyroid nodules do not cause symptoms, and most do not produce thyroid hormone.A small number of thyroid nodules are the result of thyroid cancer. Cysts in the thyroid gland can also cause lumps or nodules.Iodine deficiency can also cause enlargement of the thyroid gland and thyroid nodules, now rare in the United States. ![]() Consequently, thyroid gland autoimmunity, hypothyroidism, nodular goitre, and cancer occur most often in postmenopausal and elderly women. Additionally, the prevalence of most thyroid diseases increases with age. Thyroid nodules can form because of some of the conditions listed previously and lead to hyper- or hypothyroidism, for example: Thyroid diseases predominantly affect women their incidence is 5-20 times higher in women than in men. Nodules or lumps in the thyroid gland are benign (non-cancerous) in over 90% of cases. IMAGES Thyroid Disorders Symptoms and Signs See a medical illustration of the thyroid plus our entire medical gallery of human anatomy and physiology See Images Feeling cold, or increased sensitivity to cold temperatures.Fluid retention, feeling bloated, puffiness in the face.Excessive or prolonged menstrual bleeding.Other causes can include the use of certain medications, side effects of treatments for thyroid cancer or hyperthyroidism, or radiation therapy to the head and neck. An autoimmune condition known as Hashimoto’s disease or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is a common cause of hypothyroidism. Inadequate functioning of the thyroid gland produces too little thyroid hormone (hypothyroidism). Hypothyroidism Symptoms: Weight Loss and Weight Gain
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